Sequential phases of cortical specification involve Neurogenin-dependent and -independent pathways

Sequential phases of cortical specification involve Neurogenin-dependent and -independent pathways.

Neocortical projection neurons, which segregate into six cortical layers according to their birthdate, have diverse morphologies, axonal projections and molecular profiles, yet they share a common cortical regional identity and glutamatergic neurotransmission phenotype. Here we demonstrate that distinct genetic programs operate at different stages of corticogenesis to specify the properties sha...

Antiinflammatory effects of tetradecylthioacetic acid involve both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-dependent and -independent pathways.

OBJECTIVE Tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA) is a hypolipidemic antioxidant with immunomodulating properties involving activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Human endothelial cells express PPARs. We hypothesized that TTA could modulate endothelial cell activation at least partly through PPAR-related mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS We explored this hypothesis by diffe...

Stat6-Dependent and -Independent Pathways

p53-Dependent and -Independent Pathways

Two distinct phases of apoptosis in mammary gland involution: proteinase-independent and -dependent pathways.

Postlactational involution of the mammary gland is characterized by two distinct physiological events: apoptosis of the secretory, epithelial cells undergoing programmed cell death, and proteolytic degradation of the mammary gland basement membrane. We examined the spatial and temporal patterns of apoptotic cells in relation to those of proteinases during involution of the BALB/c mouse mammary ...